نشریه پژوهش های مدیریت انتظامی
سال هجدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1402)

Organizational bullying is one of the factors that are monitored in various organizations such as management forces. Therefore, building, validating and measuring important tools in the field of organizational bullying can be helpful. The present research was conducted in order to construct and validate the level of organizational bullying and its relationship with burnout and job satisfaction. The current research is a descriptive and correlational study in which 290 people from the headquarters of the police force were selected by convenience sampling. The data was collected through a researcher-made organizational bullying questionnaire with reliability (0.79), job burnout (0.88) and job satisfaction (0.77). Factor analysis method, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Pearson's correlation were used for data analysis with the help of SPSS and LISREL software. Exploratory factor analysis showed that organizational bullying consists of two components and factor analysis has evaluated these components with appropriate fit indices. Also, the results showed that organizational bullying had a significant relationship with job burnout (0.582) and job satisfaction (-0.601) at the P<0.01 level. The main reliability of organizational bullying was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.80 for occupational bullying, 0.78 for personal bullying and 0.79 for total income, all of which were satisfactory. The results of the research show that the organization of bullying in the community of the forces of the management headquarters is an acceptable psychometric feature and can be used as a reliable tool in psychological research.

The virtual space, as a product of information technology, has led to the migration of a significant portion of crimes from the physical realm to the virtual realm. The scope and impact of virtual crimes are much broader and deeper than physical crimes. Therefore, the Command Headquarters of Law Enforcement Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a technology-oriented organization, needs to move towards becoming an intelligent organization, specifically smart police, and achieving this goal without a suitable model and strategy is challenging. Accordingly, the aim of this research is to design the Smart Police model in the Command Headquarters of Law Enforcement Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study is applied research and qualitatively based in terms of methodology. The research population consists of experts in the field of information technology and management within and outside the organization. Using purposive sampling and based on theoretical saturation principle, 18 individuals were selected as the sample, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. By implementing the interviews and coding the participants' responses, the researchers focused on explaining the concepts and dimensions. Through content analysis of the interviews, 61 indicators and 17 sub-concepts (components) were obtained, which ultimately fell into four main dimensions ("employees," "process," "technology," and "structure"). The realization of the Smart Police model depends on strategic planning for the four dimensions of "employees," "process," "technology," and "structure," along with the 17 components and 61 indicators. The employment and coordination of these dimensions, components, and indicators play a fundamental role in achieving the Smart Police model.

Economic instability is considered the most significant problem that exists in a country and has an impact on societal security, leading to various consequences. This research aims to present strategies for dealing with economic instability arising from the virtual space. This study was conducted within the qualitative approach framework and using a data-driven research method (Strauss and Corbin). The participants in the research included 14 experts from law enforcement command, professors from the Police Sciences University, and researchers from the Police Sciences and Social Security Studies Institute and the Center for Strategic Studies of Faraja. They were selected through purposive sampling and participated in the research through interviews until theoretical saturation was achieved. The semi-structured interview was the tool used. The findings indicated that the lack of appropriate legal provisions, multiplicity of existing laws, deficiencies and ambiguities in existing laws, monitoring deficiencies, weak management, sanctions, and market penetration were identified as causal factors. Westernization, financial insecurity, high domestic prices, poverty and unemployment, export problems, cost-effectiveness of imports, fiscal policy instability, media diversity, and the increasing number of users, concealing offenders, lack of media literacy, and virtual opportunism were identified as background factors. Ultimately, the attractiveness of the versatile virtual space, the lack of expertise, and weaknesses in dealing with virtual offenders were identified as intervening factors significantly contributing to economic instability. The security consequences related to the formation of rallies, hoarding and under-selling, exploitation of turbulent situations, reduction in executive agency oversight, changes in the sense of security, negative impact on domestic production, growth of emerging crimes, and changes in lifestyles can be addressed through control and monitoring strategies in the virtual space, as well as strategies to deal with the consequences of inappropriate use of the virtual space.

In the past decade, numerous studies have been conducted in the field of managerial jihad, most of which have had a descriptive approach to the concept of managerial jihad and have not focused on the corresponding leadership style. The purpose of this research is to present a Mujahideen leadership style and strategies to achieve the desired style. The research adopts a qualitative approach and utilizes content analysis methodology. The data collection tool involves studying the documents available in the utterances of the Supreme Leader regarding managerial jihad and revolutionary activism. The data analysis is conducted through conventional content analysis. The threshold method is employed for selecting and rejecting concepts. The research findings indicate that the desired leadership style based on the Supreme Leader's teachings is founded on two elements: "orderliness" and "participation". In the absence of the desired endeavoring leadership style, four leadership styles emerge according to researchers: "ignorant", "authoritarian", "passive", and "participatory". Researchers recommend four strategies, namely "foundation breaker", "multivocal", "sacrificer", and "holistic observer", to achieve the desired leadership style as defined by the Supreme Leader. The first step towards achieving an endeavoring leadership style is understanding the current situation by government officials and military commanders. Colleagues, superiors, and subordinates are valuable resources for understanding the current state of affairs. From an organizational perspective, the human resources unit in government and military organizations, as well as the larger framework of the country's administrative and employment organization, and the Deputyship of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, can contribute to the realization and sustainability of a Mujahid management style by adopting appropriate policies.

Military and law enforcement professions are characterized by high stress and specific complexities, which often lead to psychological challenges, physical risks, separation from family, and living in difficult conditions. Therefore, individuals in high-risk professions such as the military and police are more susceptible to psychological disorders. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of psychological resilience training and positive thinking training on the psychological well-being and adaptation of Imam Ali University students. This research was an applied study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population consisted of first-year university students. The sample included 21 participants for each experimental group and 20 participants for the control group, selected randomly and assigned to their respective groups. The data collection tools included the 84-item Ryff Psychological Well-being Questionnaire and the 160-item Bell Adjustment Inventory. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results showed that both psychological resilience training and positive thinking training led to improvements in psychological well-being and adaptation at the p < 0.01 level. Furthermore, in comparing the two intervention types, psychological resilience training was found to be more effective. The results were replicated in a three-month follow-up assessment. Imam Ali University students will serve as commanders and leaders in the near future. Considering the key role of human resources in military and law enforcement organizations and the importance of their psychological well-being, it is essential for the university's education department to play a proactive role in improving the psychological well-being and adaptation of these students through precise planning and the implementation of psychological resilience and positive thinking training programs.

As public prosecution officers are considered symbols of authority, their criminal behavior in carrying out their duties can have significant and widespread negative consequences, leading to the violation of the rights of parties involved in cases and societal rights. This behavior can also undermine public trust in the judicial system. The aim of this research is to identify the causes of assaults during the performance of legal duties by police officers and provide preventive measures. This research is an applied survey study. The study population consisted of public prosecution officers in Ahvaz. A random sample of 360 officers who had committed crimes related to their duties in previous years was selected, and they were surveyed using a researcher-developed questionnaire on the causal factors of crimes and preventive measures. Data analysis was performed using SPSS26 software and analysis of variance tests. The results indicate that factors such as inappropriate behavior of some citizens or suspects towards officers and provocation, lack of advanced facilities and equipment for crime detection, types of assigned missions, and the need for greater attention to the dignity and status of the police play a role in the occurrence of assault crimes against officers. In terms of prevention, factors such as the use of psychologists alongside staff, employing experienced personnel in culturally deprived areas, and improving methods to reduce contact and communication between the public and law enforcement agencies have the greatest impact. Based on the research findings, suggested preventive measures include identifying competent employees and utilizing them in communication-related professions with the public, prompt and decisive judicial and disciplinary proceedings regarding employee cases, and the presence of supervisory checkpoints along with employees during their missions.

Targeted combat against drugs and organized drug crimes within the country's internal sphere and the domestic security environment requires the identification of a pattern in this area. This identification will not only enhance domestic security in the law enforcement domain but also facilitate appropriate policymaking and implementation. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and employed thematic analysis. The participants consisted of twelve experts from operational, law enforcement, and academic fields (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, National Police Command, professors from National Defense University with years of experience in policy-making and law enforcement). They were selected through snowball sampling. MAXQDA software was used for data analysis. The dimensions influencing domestic security in the field of organized drug crimes are presented in three dimensions: 1) Interagency collaborations in the establishment of domestic security, 2) Interaction and cooperation in law enforcement mission areas, and 3) Exchange of information regarding criminal activities of drug trafficking gangs and organized drug crimes, along with seven identified components. The final results of this research led to the identification and enumeration of factors that affect domestic security, with an emphasis on law enforcement in combating organized drug crimes. Attention to these aspects is effective in formulating counteractive laws and fostering effective cooperation in the realm of law enforcement against organized drug crimes